棱镜英文丨轴心时代的思想交融之光照进当代尼山

海报新闻2024-07-10 06:21

　　在两千多年前的“轴心时代”，出现了许多伟大的思想家，如古希腊的苏格拉底、柏拉图和亚里士多德，以及中国的孔子等。若四位先贤跨时空对话，东西方的顶流智慧会有怎样的默契？

　　During the "Axial Age," over two thousand years ago, many great thinkers emerged, such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle from ancient Greece, as well as Confucius from China. If these four sages were to converse across time and space, what mutual understanding would be achieved between the top-level wisdom of East and West?

　　孔子VS柏拉图

　　人生要旨：

　　Confucius vs. Plato

　　Philosophy of Life

　　孔子：志于道，据于德。

　　柏拉图：公民应具备“四大美德”。

　　他们都将“德性”视为人生要旨。

　　Confucius: "Set your sights on the way, sustain yourself with excellence."

　　Plato: "Citizens should possess the four‘cardinal virtues' (of wisdom, courage, discipline, and justice)."

　　They both regarded "virtue" as the essence of life.

　　理想社会：

　　Ideal Society:

　　孔子：老者安之，朋友信之，少者怀之。

　　柏拉图：在这样的国家里，任何一个公民的幸福和痛苦都可以是整个国家的幸福或痛苦，在这个国家里应该有福同享，有难同当。

　　Confucius: "In regard to the aged, to give them rest; in regard to friends, to show them sincerity; in regard to the young, to treat them tenderly."

　　Plato: "In such a country, the happiness and suffering of any citizen can be the ones of the entire nation; citizens and the country should share bliss and misfortune together."

　　孔子VS亚里士多德

　　中庸之道：

　　Confucius vs. Socrates

　　Doctrine of the Mean

　　子曰：过犹不及。

　　亚里士多德：有三种品质，两种恶，其中一种是过度，一种是不及；一种善，善是作为中间的适度的德性。

　　二人追求“中庸”的人生哲学，旨在追求人类社会协调和谐地正常发展。

　　Confucius: "Excess is as bad as deficiency."

　　Aristotle: "There are three kinds of qualities, two kinds of evil, one of which is excessive, and one of which is deficient; one is good, and it is moderate in a proper way."

　　They both pursued the "Doctrine of the Mean", aiming to pursue the harmonious development of human society.

　　对待友谊：

　　Regarding Friendship

　　孔子：朋友切切偲偲，兄弟怡怡。

　　亚里士多德：朋友应提供同样的东西并相互期求同样的东西。

　　二人都认为最理想的友爱是平等、相互勉励的友爱。

　　Confucius:"Unlike the order of kinship between brothers, friends are equal and should encourage each other to progress towards the good."

　　Aristotle: "Friends should share the same things and mutually aim for the same things."

　　They both believed that the ideal friendship is one of equality and mutual encouragement.

　　孔子VS苏格拉底

　　不要躺平

　　Confucius vs. Socrates

　　Avoiding Laid-backAttitude

　　孔子：饱食终日，无所用心。

　　苏格拉底：这个世界上有两种人，一种是快乐的猪，一种是痛苦的人。做痛苦的人，不做快乐的猪。

　　都不赞成只贪图享乐，认为人生必须有所思考。

　　Confucius: "He who always has full stomach but does nothing meaningful is simple a good-for-nothing."

　　Socrates: "In this world, there are two kinds of people: those who are happy like pigs and those who suffer like humans. It is better to be a person who suffers than a happy pig."

　　They both disapproved of mere pursuit of pleasure and believed that life must involve contemplation.

　　人生追求

　　Life Pursuit

　　孔子：苟正其身矣，于从政乎何有？不能正其身，如正人何？

　　苏格拉底：想左右天下的人，须先能左右自己。

　　一个人只有先自己修德、求职，然后才可能在社会上有所作为。

　　Confucius: "If you cannot rectify yourself, how can you rectify others? To rectify oneself is the foundation."

　　Socrates: "He who would influence the world must first take control of himself."

　　They both emphasized the importance of self-cultivation and moral rectitude as prerequisites for making meaningful contributions to society.

　　轴心时代的文明都经历了文化和思想的交流和融合，在2024年的今天，思想交融的光芒重新闪耀在第十届尼山世界文明论坛上，古代与现代、东方与西方文明在这一论坛上交流互鉴，盛会更印证了孔子名言——“德不孤，必有邻”。

　　During the Axial Age, civilizations underwent cultural and intellectual exchanges and integration. In 2024, the brilliance of this intellectual fusion shines once again at the 10th Nishan Forum on World Civilizations. At this grand event, ancient and modern, Eastern and Western civilizations engage in mutual exchange and learning, embodying Confucius' famous saying: "Virtue is not left to stand alone. He who practices it will have neighbors."

　　（部分素材来源：中国社会科学网 中新社）

　　视频：刘博洋

　　设计：陈艳娇

　　文案、配音：武玮佳